It has been proven mathematically and formulated into the no cloning theorem, which states: This kind of perfect cloning is impossible. This kind of cloning is more detailed because it involves the superposition of subatomic particles their relative positions (particles can be in more than 1 position or state at the time), momenta and energy levels of every particle and all of their bonds and interactions are exactly the same in the copy (clone) as the original. Everything in the universe is made up of elementary quantum particles and the forces by which they interact, including DNA and us. Or artificial, genetically engineered cloning leading to such clones as plants whose DNA is also identical.īut there exists a more precise kind of cloning in physics that reaches all the way to the subatomic level of particles. 1069-1080.Essentially, there are 2 types of cloning…īiological cloning leading to clones such as identical twins who share exactly the same DNA.
Rastegin (2009), Some properties of partial fidelities, Quantum Information & Computa-tion 9, pp. Uhlmann (2000), On "partial" fidelities, Rep. Caves (1995), Mathematical techniques for quantum communicationtheory, Open Systems & Information Dynamics 3, pp. Holevo (2008), Quantum shared broadcasting, Quantum Inf. Rastegin (2003), Upper bound on the global fidelity for mixed-state cloning, Phys. Jozsa (1994), Fidelity for mixed quantum states, J. Uhlmann (1976), The transition probability in the state space of a *-algebra, Rep. Watrous (2008), CS 798: Theory of Quantum Information, University of Waterloo, Google Scholar Peres (1996), Quantum-state disturbance versus information: Uncertaintyrelation for quantum information, Phys. Peres (1994), Eavesdropping on quantum cryp-tographical systems, Phys. Bennett (1992), Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states, Phys. Paris (2007), Joint measurement and cloning of observables, OpenSystems & Information Dynamics 14, pp. Chou (2009), Quantum direct commu-nication with mutual authentication, Quantum Information & Computation 9, pp. Garsía-Fernándes (2002), Qubit authentication, Phys.Rev. Leung (2002), Quantum Vernam chiper, Quantum Information & Computation 2, pp.14-34. Sacchi (2006), Information-disturbance trade-off in quantum-state dis-crimination, Phys. Sacchi (2006), Information-disturbance trade-off in estimating of maximally entangledstate, Phys. Devetak (2001), Fidelity trade-off for finite ensembles of identically pre-pared qubits, Phys. Banaszek (2001), Fidelity balance in quantum operations, Phys. Paris (2005), Optimal quantum repeaters for qubits and qudits,Phys. Rastegin (2003), Global-fidelity limits of state-dependent cloning of mixed states, Phys.Rev.
Rastegin (2003), A lower bound on the relative error of mixed-state cloning and relatedoperations, J. Jozsa (2002), A stronger no-cloning theorem, quant-ph/0204153. Sacchi (2001), Joint measurement via quantumcloning, J. Cerf (2005), Highly asymmetric quantum cloning in arbitrarydimension, Quantum Information & Computation 5, pp. Rastegin (2002), Relative error of state-dependent cloning, Phys. Zbinden (2002), Quantum cryptography, Rev. Huttner (1997), Quantum cloning, eavesdropping and Bell's inequality, Phys.Lett. Shi (2007), Quantum cloning of identical mixed qubits, QuantumInformation & Computation 7, pp. Macchiavello (1999), Optimal purification of single qubits, Phys.Rev. Fan (2006), Quantum cloning machines, Topics in Applied Physics, Volume 102, Quan-tum Computation and Information. Hillery (1996), Quantum copying: beyond the no-cloning theorem, Phys.Rev. Mor (1998) No cloning of orthogonal states in composite systems, Phys. Schumacher (1996), Noncommutingmixed states cannot be broadcast, Phys.
Zurek (1982), A single quantum cannot be cloned, Nature 299, pp.802-803. Chuang (2000), Quantum Computation and Quantum Information,Cambridge University Press (Cambridge).