That is to say, if the part has some size, it will never become smaller unless others divide it if it is round or square, it will never change that shape without others forcing it to do so if it is stopped in some place it will never depart from that place unless others chase it away and if it has once begun to move, it will always continue with an equal force until others stop or retard it." (1) "The first is that each individual part of matter always continues to remain in the same state unless collision with others forces it to change that state. The rules according to which these changes take place I call the "laws of nature" ( System of the World, ch.7) For from that alone (ie that He continues thus to preserve it) it follows of necessity that there may be many changes in its parts that cannot, it seems to me, be properly attributed to the action of God (because that action does not change) and hence are to be attributed to nature. Rather, I use the word to signify matter itself, insofar as I consider it taken together with all the qualities that I have attributed to it, and under the condition that God continues to preserve it in the same way that He created it. "Know, then, first that by "nature" I do not here mean some deity or other sort of imaginary power. Descarte's notion of "law of nature" goes beyond the planetary laws of Kepler to include all matter and set general principles for motion of all kinds. (4) God is the creator of the cosmos, but thereafter, the world proceeds according to fixed laws of nature. Comets pass from one world into another, while planets revolve around the suns which are centers of each. There are a plurality of worlds, each with a star at its center. (3) The sun, the source of light, is at the center of the world. (2) The sun and stars are formed of the first element (fire), the earth, moon and planets of the third ("earth" in the generic sense), and the intervening spaces are filled mainly with the second (air). (1) There are three elements, determined according to their sizes, motions and viscosity (hardness, liquidity): fire, air and earth. The second book was System of the World which was based on the heliocentric Copernican system, combined with an atomistic view of matter. The first was Treatise on Man in which he analyzed the organs of the human body in a mechanistic way, comparing the heart to a pump, the lungs to a bellows, and tracing how impulses impinging upon the sensory organs became transformed into perceptions. In 1633, having published a book on philosophical method (anonymously), Descartes was preparing two volumes on science. But we are concerned here with Descartes' cosmological theories, along with the philosophical views that underlay his system. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) is best known for his philosophical thesis that "I think, therefore I exist" (in Latin: "cogito ergo sum"). The Sun appears to move up-and-down and in-and-out with respect to the rest of the galaxy as it revolves around the Milky Way.Cosmological Revolution V: Descartes and Newton Cosmological Revolution V: Descartes and Newton Descartes and the Laws of Nature The Solar System moves through the galaxy with about a 60° angle between the galactic plane and the planetary orbital plane. Leftover momentum from when planets were forming makes the Earth, and all planets in the solar system, rotate and revolve. It takes the Earth 365 days, or one year, to complete a revolution. So the Earth rotates around its axis as it revolves around the sun. The Sun rotates once every 24 days at its equator, but only once every 35 near its poles. The Sun actually spins faster at its equator than at its poles. Because it is a gas, it does not rotate like a solid.
If a planet's eccentricity is close to zero, then the ellipse is nearly a circle. This is what is known as an "elliptical" orbit. Rather than being a perfect circle, the Earth moves around the Sun in an extended circular or oval pattern. What pattern does the earth revolve around sun? Since the Sun is really massive than the Earth, the centre of mass is way inside the Sun. Both the celestial bodies revolve around their common centre of mass, sometimes referred to as their barycentre. Neither does the Earth revolve around the Sun nor vice versa. Does the sun orbit the Earth or vice versa? The sun rotates, but not at a single rate across its surface.
On the other hand, rotate means to spin on an axis.
The sun revolves around the center of the Milky Way galaxy.